Military Technology and the Survival of Cities (DoD, January 1963)

Military Technology and the Survival of Cities (DoD, January 1963) Released via FOIA case 15-F-1529, this 76-page Cold War-era Department of Defense analysis examines the threat of nuclear weapons to urban centers. The report covers infrastructure hardening, urban dispersal, and active defense strategies. This is a final response to your July 3, 2015 Freedom of Information Act request, a copy of which is enclosed for your convenience. We received your request on July 20, 2015, and assigned it FOIA case number 15-F-1529. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, a component of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, conducted a search of their records systems and located the enclosed document, totaling 76 pages, determined to be responsive to your request. It has been determined that this document is appropriate for release in its entirety, without excision. This constitutes a full grant of your request and closes your case file in this office. There are no assessable fees associated with this response. Military Technology and the Survival of Cities, a study by Clark C. Abt, considers the effects of modern strategic weapons on urban-industrial areas from the aspects of weapon technology, military strategy, and arms control considerations. The possibilities for active and passive defenses against likely threats are evaluated, and the major alternatives for unilateral means of reduction of war casualties and damage are considered. Quantitative cost-benefit estimates are developed for various alternatives, which include hardening, dispersal, active defenses, and mixes of these. A degree of urban dispersal satisfying peacetime social possibility and offering peacetime utilities, together with fallout shelter protection, is found to provide a solution superior in cost-effectiveness to blast shelters and/or active defenses, although the latter are not ruled out for strategic reasons. Some economic and social consequences of urban dispersal are considered, together with means for making it feasible. The report begins by noting that the Winter 1961 issue of Daedalus, the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, was devoted to the subject of "The Future Metropolis." However, not a single contributor mentioned the potential impact of the revolution in weapon technology on the survival of cities as viable socio-economic institutions. The report concludes that recent developments in military technology have made cities obsolete, but that this does not necessarily mean that they will cease to exist. Instead, cities may be modified to diminish the threat of destruction, and various alternatives for reducing war casualties and damage are considered. This is what the public record looks like at its most ordinary. For more information, visit storyflo.com. The canonical PDF of this document is available at https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/osd/15-F-1529.pdf.