**VIENNA—As European governments scrambled to replenish their arsenals, **ammunition manufacturers found themselves worrying about something that most people would never associate with the military-industrial sector:
The humble cotton fiber.
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Cotton is an essential part of arms production, as the short fibers are used to manufacture military-grade nitrocellulose for artillery shell propellant. In 2024, Rheinmetall’s chief executive put dependence on China for this material at more than 70%.
A mixture of capitalist profit maximization, green energy ideology, and short-sighted government decisions have allowed a single country—China—to acquire extraordinary influence over the energy infrastructure of a whole continent.