Part of what’s happening in France is that there’s a segment of French political culture that valorizes protest. In much the same way that Americans lionize aw-shucks farmers and the British love a witty cad, some French have an affinity for anyone who is pissed off in public. France seems slower than other countries to tell protesters to shut the fuck up and go home, though based on 𝕏recent polling, it seems that even they have crossed the “shut the fuck up and go home” threshold.
French romanticization of protests is probably partly due to the rousing, populist, heartthrob-laden rebellion depicted in Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables. Contrary to what most Americans think, *Les Miserables *is not set during the French Revolution, nor is it set during the July Revolution of 1830 or the revolutionary year of 1848. It’s set during a brief-and-failed rebellion that happened in 1832, which sought to spark a popular uprising but face planted. We probably only remember it because: 1) Victor Hugo happened to be sitting in a nearby park when it happened; and 2) Hugh Jackman’s potent-but-not-overbearing masculinity can make just about any movie a hit.
The context of the 1832 rebellion was that France had mostly experienced monarchical rule since the 1789 revolution. The succession of French governments in the preceding decades had basically been this:
It was that last switch — from a conservative Bourbon king to his more-chilled-out cousin — that really put pleats in revolutionaries’ cockades. They felt that the revolution of 1830 had been betrayed; violent street fighting that left several hundred dead had not produced rule by the people, but rather rule by a guy whom many hoped to be the Bourbon clan’s Michael Bluth. When Gavroche ▶sings about a new king “no better than the last”, he means that new king (Louis Philippe I). Of course, Gavroche is fictional; the real revolutionary “Gavroche” would be a possibly-mentally-disabled mason’s apprentice with a history of violent conduct towards prostitutes.
But the 1832 revolutionaries weren’t just violence-prone Parisian tradesman; they were also often educated young radicals who possibly looked like Eddie Redmayne (though probably not given the hygiene and dentistry standards of the time). Student-led secret societies played a major role in the rebellion, including orchestrating the mechanics1 of the rebellion’s start. Which is notable, because this was not an organic uprising: This was an event planned by secret societies, trade groups, and foreign radicals from Italy and Poland. *Les Mis *makes it seem like *the people, generally *were rising up, but the rebellion actually came from a small number of people who tended to rise up at the drop of a chapeau.
And the failure to get the people, generally, to join the revolution was the movement’s achilles heel. The people had, after all, *just risen up *two years ago, the new guy had barely gotten the seat warm, and many people were republic-shy because the only elected government to that point had mostly invented new methods of mass murder. And when the radicals declared “THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN!!!”, most of Paris said “today is not good for me,” and the rebellion was quickly overwhelmed and defeated.
The legacy of the 1832 rebellion was probably to place the government on a more conservative trajectory. A symbolic move after the uprising was the government’s decision to place Liberty Leading the People — the boob-forward painting depicting events 1830 that heads this column — in an attic, because it was too revolutionary. And the government of Louis Philippe trended in an ever-more-conservative direction until it was overthrown in 1848. That revolution did put power in the hands of the people, and in the first popular election since the capital-”r” Revolution, the masses expressed their love for self rule by…electing Napoleon’s nephew in a landslide. And he soon declared himself emperor to little opposition. The complicating fact in every populist narrative is that many people don’t want freedom or rights or any of that high-minded hippie crap: They want to be led by an awesome winner who kicks ass.
But you can understand why Hugo stripped away the inconvenient parts of history and delivered a story about dashing idealists changing the world while sexy. And that archetype seems to be a frequent character in French political narratives. It’s surely part of the reason why any pissed of student in a yellow vest or truck driver with a scorpion in his ass over EU regulations can win support from a certain segment of the French populace. Today’s rioters seem to have exhausted public support and will probably help usher in a more conservative government, which is a case of history rhyming, though not in a lyrical, show-stopping Broadway kind of way.
Specifically: They chose the funeral of a populist French general as the instigating event for the rebellion. And a horseman carrying a red flag with “Liberty or Death” (except French) written on it was the signal to start fighting.
