The AI server arms race has now reached PCB materials.
According to reports, Nvidia() is evaluating PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) for the high-speed PCBs of its next-generation AI servers, with the likely landing spot being the NVSwitch switch board of Rubin Ultra. PTFE may sound unfamiliar, but you know it by another name: Teflon, the coating on non-stick pans. What Nvidia is after, of course, is not the non-stick property but its low loss when carrying high-frequency, high-speed signals.
The materials route for Rubin Ultra has recently shifted as well. On August 20, SemiAnalysis published “PTFE Pushing Copper Further,” noting that Nvidia still wants to use PTFE on the NVSwitch board, but the plan is no longer the “wholesale replacement of fiberglass cloth” that the market had hyped, but a hybrid architecture of PTFE Core + M9 Prepreg.
Retreating from full replacement to a hybrid shows that the difficulty lies in more than material performance. Signal loss has to come down, but a high-layer-count PCB also has to be manufacturable and producible at volume. That is the real hurdle on this path.